![makefile for windows how ot make makefile for windows how ot make](https://www.includehelp.com/linux/images/makefile-6.jpg)
Fortunately, the Cygwin project ( ) has built a Linux-compatible library for Windows to which many programs have been ported. This, along with the absence of most of the Unix tools, makes cross-platform portability a daunting task. Operating systemįinally, there are the portability problems associated with a completely different operating system such as Windows versus Unix or Linux versus VMS.Īlthough there is a native Win32 port of make, this is a small part of the Windows portability problem, because the shell this native port uses is cmd.exe (or command.exe).
Makefile for windows how ot make install#
Nearly 20 years later, some systems still do not install this upgraded version as the standard awk. For instance, in 1987 the awk program underwent a major revision. There are also upgrades to utilities that may or may not have made it into a vendor’s release. This is very common as different vendors fix or insert bugs and add features.
Makefile for windows how ot make portable#
Portable makefiles must contend with programs that simply behave differently. For those who want more details, the specification of the POSIX shell’s command language can be found at.
![makefile for windows how ot make makefile for windows how ot make](https://microhobby.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/kernelold.png)
The Open Group has a very useful white paper on the differences between the System V shell and the POSIX shell. In particular, pre-POSIX shells are missing many features and will not accept the same syntax as a modern shell. Shell featuresīy default, make executes command scripts with /bin/sh, but sh implementations vary widely in their features. Furthermore, if a platform is missing a utility or comes with a broken version, you may need to replace the utility with another that uses different command-line options. The command-line options to programs vary, particularly when an alternate implementation is used. In addition, the distinction between /bin, /usr/bin, /sbin, and /usr/sbin is often rather fuzzy as you move from one system to another. For instance, on Solaris systems the X directories are stored under /usr/X while on many other systems the path is /usr/X11R6. The location of programs and files often varies between platforms. It is also common for GNU versions of programs to be installed on a non-GNU system with the g prefix (e.g., gmake, gawk). The most common is the name of the C or C++ compiler (e.g., cc, xlc). It is quite common for various platforms to use different names for the same or similar programs. But before we explore specific techniques, let’s review some of the issues of portable makefiles. As noted previously, there is no such thing as perfect portability, so it is our job to balance effort versus portability. So, by judicious use of variables and user-defined functions, and by minimizing the use of exotic features and relying on standard tools, we can increase the portability of our makefiles. I’ll show this approach in this chapter, too. As you’ll see, standardizing on tools does not solve every problem there are always operating system differences to deal with.įinally, you can accept differences between systems and work around them by careful choices of macros and functions. But it can be successful, and I’ll show one example of that later with the Cygwin package for Windows. This can be hard to pull off, both administratively and in terms of getting your organization to cooperate with your fiddling with their systems. This is typically called the “least common denominator” approach and obviously can leave you with very primitive functionality to work with.Īnother version of the least common denominator approach is to choose a powerful set of tools and make sure to bring it with you to every platform, thus guaranteeing that the commands you invoke in the makefile work exactly the same everywhere. The extreme in portability is to use only those tools and features that exist on all platforms of interest. You then have to determine what tools each platform offers to get your job done, and what to use from each platform. By defining variables for command-line arguments and parameters, we can abstract out elements that vary from platform to platform from elements that are constant.
![makefile for windows how ot make makefile for windows how ot make](https://www.downloadsource.net/uploaded/News_October_2018/OneDrive_File_History/How_to_Make_File_History_Include_Your_OneDrive_Folder_on_Windows_10.png)
By using variables and user-defined functions we can encapsulate applications and algorithms. We can achieve this level of portability for makefiles using the same techniques as traditional programming: encapsulation and abstraction. An important added constraint is that the port to the new system does not break support for the previous platforms. A more reasonable interpretation is a makefile that is easy to change for each new platform it is run on. But this is virtually impossible due to the enormous variety in operating systems. What do we mean by a portable makefile? As an extreme example, we want a makefile that runs without change on any system that GNU make runs on.